Items of № 6-2025

Algorithm for assessing the influence of the vortex structure of the atmosphere on the stability of a quantum communication channel

M.V. Sapozhnikov, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, laboratory research assistant; msapozh@jscc.ru

Yu.B. Mironov, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, lead engineer; ymironov@jscc.ru

UDC 535.2; 621.391.6; 621.391.8

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.68.6.001

Abstract. The article considers the influence of atmospheric phenomena on the propagation of radiation in an optical communication channel. The proposed algorithm takes into account the influence of turbulent cells (vortices) of the atmosphere of various scales on the geometric parameters of the optical beam and, as a result, the accuracy of pointing. The implemented mathematical model within the framework of the algorithm allows predicting the deviation of optical radiation due to regular and random refraction. The formation of vortices and the dynamics of their movement are taken into account in the model based on long-term observations of atmospheric phenomena. The proposed approach provides new opportunities for the implementation of stable communication channels and simplification of the high quality process of pointing and holding communication objects (satellites). It also provides the ability to assess the noise level of the communication channel and develop recommendations for the use of a particular signal encoding method.

Keywords: atmospheric turbulence, vortex structure, optical communication, free space communication.

For citation: Sapozhnikov, M.V. Algorithm for assessing the influence of the vortex structure of the atmosphere on the stability of a quantum communication channel / M.V. Sapozhnikov, Yu.B. Mironov // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 6. – P. 2-6. (in russian)

Analysis of the results of experimental and theoretical studies of LTE-800 base station service areas

О.Y. Blagovestov, Scientific Research Center of the Air Force Central Scientific Research Institute of the Russian Ministry of Defense, lead researcher, Ph.D.; blagovestovoleg@mail.ru

Y.A. Khrustalev, Main Directorate of the FSTEC of Russia, lead adviser; evgeni.khrustalev.65@mail.ru

UDC 621.391.8

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.68.6.002

Abstract. The article presents an analysis of the results of experimental and theoretical studies of user terminal service areas with base stations of the LTE-800 standard. The results of experimental studies conducted in various regions of the Russian Federation on equipment from different manufacturers and diverse cellular operators have made it possible to refine the service areas of user terminals with base stations. These results also confirmed the operability of the methods for adjusting these areas using LTE standard equipment. The possibility of scaling down the service area makes it possible to reduce restrictions on the placement of base stations under conditions of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility with radio-electronic air traffic control systems operating on a primary basis.

Keywords: customer terminal, base station, radio-electronic aids, unintended radio interference, air traffic control, equivalent isotopically radiated power, electromagnetic compatibility.

For citation: Blagovestov, О.Y. Analysis of the results of experimental and theoretical studies of LTE-800 base station service areas / О.Y. Blagovestov, Y.A. Khrustalev // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 6. – P. 7-11. (in russian)

LAN cables and their safety certification

A.B. Semenov, NRU MGSU, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); andre52.55@mail.ru

D.V. Khvostov, SIMPEС LLC, CEO; period_do@bk.ru

UDC 679.745.526

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.68.6.003

Abstract. With reference to specific regulations and standards, it is indicated that it is advisable to monitor LAN cables for compliance with the safety requirements of low-voltage equipment, some procedures for performing appropriate checks are considered, and certain flaws in the current regulatory framework are revealed. The significant influence of the industry affiliation of this type of cable products on the certification procedure and the volume of tests is separately noted.

Keywords: safety of low-voltage equipment, technical regulations, LAN cable, certification.

For citation: Semenov, A.B. LAN cables and their safety certification / A.B. Semenov, D.V. Khvostov // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 6. – P. 12-16. (in russian)

Changes in the state of clusters in an aqueous medium under the action of a weak magnetic field

S.A. Novichkov, Moscow Technical University of Communication and Informatics, postgraduate; serafim5788@gmail.com

A.N. Pavlov, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, departament of medical equipment, professor, Dr.Sci.(Phys.-Math.); pan1943@mail.ru

UDC 537.868, 532.74

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.68.6.004

Abstract. The processes of electrical communication inherent in different structures of water molecules are considered. The electromagnetic transmission spectra of water in the 2-20 MHz spectral range have been studied for the first time using a vector analyzer of electrical circuits Nano VNA FV3. It has been established that this spectral range is the most sensitive for water clusters to the action of a weak permanent magnetic field (PMF). It is shown that the transformation of the base cluster under the action of PMF occurs with the formation of a number of metastable clusters held by a weak (~ 10^–3 Tl) PMF. The theoretical justification of the observed effects is given.

Keywords: electromagnetic transmission spectrum, peak of electromagnetic transmission, permanent magnetic field, cluster, electromagnetic response.

For citation: Novichkov, S.A. Changes in the state of clusters in an aqueous medium under the action of a weak magnetic field / S.A. Novichkov, A.N. Pavlov // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 6. – P. 17-22. (in russian)

Matching an active phased antenna array with compensation for amplitude-phase distortions caused by the mutual influence of emitters

S.A. Knyazkov, QUADRO CODE LTD, first category engineer; sergey-knyz@bk.ru

A.P. Trofimov, QUADRO CODE LTD, head of the modeling department, Ph.D.; tap@4code.ru

V.V. Yudin, QUADRO CODE LTD, chief scientific officer, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); uvv@4code.ru

UDC 621.396.67

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.68.6.005

Abstract. The article is devoted to solving the problem of the destructive influence of electromagnetic interaction of antenna array elements. It leads to difficult matching of the antenna array as a multipole load and to distortions of the amplitude-phase distribution of excitation relative to the calculated one. It is shown that the direct formulation of the problem leads to a system of nonlinear equations. The indirect formulation of the problem is considered. On this basis, a method for an auxiliary problem has been developed and substantiated, in which a system of linear algebraic equations arises, which makes it possible to obtain a rigorous solution without any computational difficulties.

Keywords: antenna array, active phased array, solid-state power amplifier, multi-pole load matching, amplitude-phase distribution.

For citation: Knyazkov, S.A. Matching an active phased antenna array with compensation for amplitude-phase distortions caused by the mutual influence of emitters / S.A. Knyazkov, A.P. Trofimov, V.V. Yudin // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 6. – P. 23-29. (in russian)

Optical communication channel of the UV-C band with an unmanned aerial vehicle

L.M. Zhuravleva, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); zhlubov@mail.ru

A.V. Gorelik, MIIT, head of department, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); agorelik@yandex.ru

A.Yu. Strety, MIIT, postgraduate; stretiy00@mail.ru

Le Van Hung, MIIT, postgraduate; hunglevanvt@gmail.com

D.A. Abakumov, MIIT, postgraduate; dm-abakumov@mail.ru

UDC 621.391.64:656.22

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.68.6.006

Abstract. The article considers the possibility of using an optical channel of the UV-C range (100-280 nm) for communication with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a means of countering electromagnetic interference from radio communications. The range and quality of atmospheric optical communication are analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of the channel in the UV-C range compared to the IR range are noted. Combined channels combining optical communication with radio devices are proposed to increase the range of communication with UAVs. It is noted that in order to increase the efficiency of the UV-C bistatic channel, it is necessary to increase the optical budget. This is possible by switching the receiving and transmitting equipment to a new element base of nanoelectronics.

Keywords: UV-C optical channel, quality, range, optical budget, nanoelectronics.

For citation: Zhuravleva, L.M. Optical communication channel of the UV-C band with an unmanned aerial vehicle / L.M. Zhuravleva, A.V. Gorelik, A.Yu. Strety et al. // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 6. – P. 30-36. (in russian)

Development of a hardware-software platform for creating digital twins of functional units of electronic equipment

S.R. Tumkovskiy, HSE University, School of Computer Engineering, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); STumkovskiy@hse.ru

S.N. Polesskiy, HSE University, School of Computer Engineering, associate professor, Ph.D.; spolessky@hse.ru

P.S. Korolev, HSE University, School of Electronic Engineering, associate professor, Ph.D.; pskorolev@hse.ru

L.B. Chashkin, HSE University, School of Computer Engineering, assistance lecturer; lchashkin@hse.ru

V.E. Tsvetkov, HSE University, School of Electronic Engineering, postgraduate; vtsvetkov@hse.ru

A.A. Kostiuk, HSE University, School of Electronic Engineering, master’s student; aakostyuk@edu.hse.ru

L.O. Myrova, The M.I. Krivosheev National Research Centre for Telecommunication (NRCT), chief researcher, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); myrovalo@nic-t.ru

UDC 004.415.25

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.68.6.007

Abstract. This study presents the results of developing a hardware-software platform designed for the creation of digital twins of functional units of electronic equipment, serving as a tool for automating experimental research during the design stages. The platform is built using the PyLTSpice library, which provides a set of tools for interacting with the LTSpice circuit simulation environment. The functionality of the platform is demonstrated on the example of a demonstration scheme, which allows you to visualize all its capabilities.

Keywords: digital transformation, end-to-end digital technologies, digital twin, amplifier, electronic circuit, mathematical model, dependability, circuit simulation, PyLTSpice, predictive analytics.

For citation: Tumkovskiy, S.R. Development of a hardware-software platform for creating digital twins of functional units of electronic equipment / S.R. Tumkovskiy, S.N. Polesskiy, P.S. Korolev et al. // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 6. – P. 37-46. (in russian)

Simulation of a microstrip antenna for a GLONASS receiver

M.E. Osipov, independent researcher; osipov_me@mail.ru

V.O. Osipova, RTU MIREA, assistance lecturer; osipova@mirea.ru

UDC 621.396.677

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.68.6.008

Abstract. In this article, the calculation and modeling of a circular microstrip antenna at the operating frequencies of the receiver of the global navigation system GLONASS is carried out. The design of the simplest circular radiator has been modified to obtain a right-hand circular polarization. Antenna modeling and calculation of its characteristics were carried out in the CST Studio design environment. The emitting module has the following parameters: operating frequency range – 1.5771-1.6226 GHz (L1), standing wave coefficient (SWR) <2, the gain is 7.13 dB, and the ellipticity ratio is >0.8.

Keywords: microstrip antenna, GLONASS, circular polarization, CST Studio, antenna design, patch antenna, electromagnetic modeling.

For citation: Osipov, M.E. Simulation of a microstrip antenna for a GLONASS receiver / M.E. Osipov, V.O. Osipova // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 6. – P. 47-51. (in russian)

Preferred value series models for reusable applications resistors and capacitors

S.A. Yasinskii, CJSC “Institute of Telecommunications”, leading specialist, associate professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); yasinsky777@mail.ru

UDC 621.391

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.68.6.009

Abstract. After substantiation of the requirement to the necessity of taking into account in mathematical models of series of preferred values on interchangeability of resistors and capacitors the development of alternative models in relation to the current series of preferred values is made. In order to realize the possibility of multiple interchangeability of element nominal values to increase the maintainability of telecommunication products and to solve the problem of import substitution of passive electronic elements in the conditions of advanced standardization, alternative series of preferred values for resistors and capacitors are proposed. The alternative series of preferred values for resistors and capacitors have a significantly larger number of elements compared to the current series, which expands the possibilities for their more efficient use in telecommunication products.

Keywords: multiple interchangeability, import substitution, telecommunications, resistors, capacitors, series of preferred values, mathematical model.

For citation: Yasinskii, S.A. Preferred value series models for reusable applications resistors and capacitors / S.A. Yasinskii // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 6. – P. 52-56. (in russian)