Items of № 4-2025

Possibilities of using channels of the Gonets mobile satellite communication system on unmanned aerial vehicles (drones)

A.V. Manoilo, JSC Satellite System Gonets, CEO, Ph.D.; a.manoilo@gonets.ru

R.Y. Romanov, JSC Satellite System Gonets, deputy head of the department for the implementation of federal projects and advanced programs; r.romanov@gonets.ru

UDC 629.7.058.4

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.66.4.001

Abstract. This article provides a classification of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by weight and size characteristics, aerodynamic design, structural and functional organization and purpose. The article presents the results of experimental testing of the capabilities of the Gonets low-orbit satellite system to provide communication channels with the UAV. Attention is paid to the experimental methodology using the UAV Geoscan 201 and the analysis of the received telemetry data. The possibilities of providing UAVs with satellite communication channels using the domestic satellite communication system Gonets are also being considered, as well as a list of possible tasks to be solved using this system. A brief overview of the promising opportunities for UAVs in the general paradigm of satellite communications development is also made.

Keywords: classification of UAVs, multirotor UAVs, hybrid UAVs, aircraft UAVs, aerostatic UAVs, Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL), autopilot UAVs, satellite communications, satellite modem, Gonets satellite system, low orbit satellite systems, data transmission channels.

Reduction of FPV video stream transmission latency in UAV control via satellite communication links with prediction method

A.A. Berezkin, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SPbSUT), associate professor, Ph.D.; berezkin.aa@sut.ru

А.A. Chenskiy, SPbSUT, master student; chenskii.aa@sut.ru

R.V. Kirichek, SPbSUT, rector, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); kirichek@sut.ru

UDC 004.032.26+004.932.1

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.66.4.002

Abstract. The paper discusses the problem of reducing applied delays in video stream transmission when controlling unmanned aerial vehicles from the first person. The delay is reduced by displa ying frames that should arrive at future points in time on the operator’s side. In this paper, a method for predicting future frames of a video stream when controlling unmanned aerial vehicles from the first person is developed. A correlation dependence between the video stream dynamics and the quality of predicted frames is shown. With high video stream dynamics, the proposed method provides a prediction of video stream frames 40 ms in the future, and with low dynamics – 80-120 ms.

Keywords: neural network, variational autoencoder, first person view control, FPV, unmanned aerial system, unmanned aerial vehicle, video stream prediction, DMVFN, video stream latency.

Software hardware testing tools for unmanned aerial vehicle detectors

S.A. Knyazkov, QUADRO CODE LTD, first category engineer; sergey-knyz@bk.ru

D.V. Luchin, QUADRO CODE LTD, deputy general director for science, Ph.D.; dmyl@4code.ru

A.A. Minaev, QUADRO CODE LTD, head of the algorithmizing and software department, Ph.D.; minaev.aa@4code.ru

A.P. Trofimov, QUADRO CODE LTD, head of the modeling department, Ph.D.; tap@4code.ru

V.V. Yudin, QUADRO CODE LTD, chief scientific officer, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); uvv@4code.ru

UDC 004.4

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.66.4.003

Abstract. The article discusses the issues of creating and improving software hardware testing tools of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detectors based on radio emissions from UAV’s onboard equipment. The existing scientific and technical background and practical experience of the authors in this field are described. In particular, the description of the corresponding software and hardware complex and the testing procedures implemented on its basis is given. Some test results are provided.

Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle detector, testing, radio signals classification, false positive solution, false negative solution, classification accuracy, metrics F1.

Atmospheric optical communication channel with unmanned aerial vehicles in atmospheric turbulence conditions

E.Y. Bushuev, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), senior lecturer; eb@radiotest-mtuci.ru

N.V. Pchelkina, MTUCI, associate professor, Ph.D.; n.v.pchelkina@mtuci.ru

E.P. Stroganova, MTUCI, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); es@radiotest-mtuci.ru

UDC 621.391.63:681.7.069.24

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.66.4.004

Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using an atmospheric optical channel for communication with an unmanned aerial vehicle. We consider the features of turbulence occurrence in  the ground layer of the troposphere, in which the terminals of the atmospheric line of communication systems are located. We describe the methodology and the experimental stand. The main optical, polarization, and network parameters were measured in the experiment in the presence of disturbance sources in the atmospheric optical segment. The results of the experimental study of the influence of turbulence on the atmospheric channel of the communication system showed a significant influence of turbulence, which must be taken into account when designing communication systems.

Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle, atmospheric communication link, turbulence.

Analysis of the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the stability of a quantum communication channel. Existing approaches and methods

M.V. Sapozhnikov, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, laboratory research assistant; msapozh@jscc.ru

UDC 535.2; 621.391.6; 621.391.8

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.66.4.005

Abstract. The existing approaches to assessing the influence of refractive index fluctuations caused by mixing air masses with different temperatures on the stability of a quantum communication channel are considered. Taking into account the influence of this effect is due to its importance in practical problems, since it directly affects the reliability and availability of atmospheric communication channels and, as a result, the accuracy of targeting under random and regular refractive shifts. In conclusion, the need for further research to develop new approaches to implement stable communication channels and facilitate the targeting process in a changing atmosphere is emphasized.

Keywords: atmospheric turbulence, altitude dependences of the structural constant of the refractive index, optical communication, free space communication.

Creation of communication channels with medium and long-range UAVs

D.S. Chirov, Moscow technical university of communications and informatics (MTUCI), head of department, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); d.s.chirov@mtuci.ru

M.V. Ivankovich, The M.I. Krivosheev National Research Centre for Telecommunication (NRCT), deputy director of advanced wireless communication technologies research center, Ph.D.; ivankovichmv@nic-t.ru

I.L. Gololobov, MTUCI, associate professor, Ph.D.; i.l.gololobov@mtuci.ru

UDC 621.396

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.66.4.006

Abstract. The article considers the main approaches to organizing communication with medium- and longrange UAVs for their integration into the Unified Air Traffic Management System of the Russian Federation. It is shown that for organizing the UAV command and control line (C2 line in ICAO terminology), it is advisable to use communication equipment based on OFDM technology. It should be noted that currently there is no technical solution for C2 line equipment in the frequency band 5030–5091 MHz approved as an international standard. A prototype of such equipment for the C2 line can be broadband multiple radio access equipment based on the LTE standard and modified taking into account the specifics of the C2 line. Analysis of this technology shows that in this case it is possible to implement the C2 line in the frequency band 5030–5091 MHz at ranges up to 100 km.

Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV, communication, C2 line, air traffic management system, orthogonal multiple access, OFDM.

The methodology of using the codec with adaptive code selection and forward error correction (FEC)

N.S. Batalin, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SPbSUT), postgraduate; batalin.ns@sut.ru

A.V. Borodko, SPbSUT, department of communication networks and data transmission, associate professor, Ph.D.; borodko.av@sut.ru

D.S. Kukunin, SPbSUT, department of communication networks and data transmission, associate professor, Ph.D.; kukunin.ds@sut.ru

V.I. Bobrovsky, SPbSUT, department of software engineering and computer engineering, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); bobrovskii.vi@sut.ru

S.V. Podaiko, SPbSUT, student; podaiko.sv@sut.ru

R.V. Kirichek, SPbSUT, rector, department of software engineering and computer engineering, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); kirichek@sut.ru

UDC 621.391.8

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.66.4.007

Abstract. The paper considers aspects of the development of a full-scale model of a data transmission system with adaptive code selection, focused on operation in a wireless communication channel. The model is based on a method for assessing the state of the communication channel during data transmission, which provides a result when decoding BCH codes using the dual basis of the Galois field. A data transmission system based on such principles is able to select the most effective code from a specified set of noise-resistant codes depending on the probability of error in the channel.

Keywords: FEC, adaptive data transmission system, assessment of the state of the communication channel, forward error correction.

Dependence of energy gain on relative information transmission rate when using group sequences

I.B. Saenko, Saint Petersburg’s branch of The M.I. Krivosheev National Research Centre for Telecommunication (NRCT), senior researcher, Military Telecommunication Academy, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); ibsaen@mail.ru

D.V. Volkov, FSBI 16th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, senior researcher, Ph.D.; 16cniii-1@mil.ru

S.E. Totskiy, FSBI 16th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, researcher; 16cniii-1@mil.ru

A.V. Ermakov, M.K. Ammosov’s North-Eastern Federal University, rector’s adviser, Saint Petersburg’s branch of NRCT, head of a department, associate professor, Ph.D.; ermakov-it@yandex.ru

UDC 621.396.018.424

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.66.4.008

Abstract. The problem of calculating the dependence of the energy gain on the relative information transmission rate when using group sequences obtained by reducing the dynamic range and the number of phases of multiphase CDMA sequences is considered. In this case, a reduction in the dynamic range and the number of phases is achieved by converting each element of a multiphase CDMA sequence into a multiphase element of a group sequence with a module selected from a set of possible integer modules. The energy gain is calculated relative to the transmission of a binary signal when temporally separating elements in a sequence of a given length. For various values of the parameters of group sequences, using computer modeling, calculations were made of the dependence of the energy gain on the relative speed of information transmission in order to use these multiphase group sequences under conditions of a time-varying signal-to-interference ratio at reception.

Keywords: multiphase CDMA sequence, group sequence, group sequence element, integer element modulus, phase coefficient, relative information transfer rate, energy gain.

Synchronisation of multi-valued linear recurrence sequences based on generalised fast Fourier transform

A.V. Ermakova, Moscow Technical University for Communication and Informatics (MTUCI), postgraduate; msikisylia@gmail.com

S.F. Gorgadze, MTUCI, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); s.f.gorgadze@mtuci.ru

UDC 621.396

DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.66.4.009

Abstract. In order to use the generalised fast Fourier transform for the synchronisation of multivalued (in the general case p-ary) linear recurrent sequences of maximum period, methods of their transformation into Vilenkin-Krestenson functions have been developed on the basis of the proposed variants of the construction of matrix-circulants of initial sequences using automorphic multiplicative groups of the extended Galois field modulo an irreducible primitive polynomial. This approach allows not only to transform any cyclic shift of the synchronised sequence into any Vilenkin-Krestenson function, but also to specify, depending on the conditions of the transformation, to which function this shift is reduced, taking into account the variant of its arrangement in the corresponding matrix ordered, for example, by Kronecker. This makes it possible to simplify the algorithm of synchronisation of multivalued pseudo-random sequences with a known range of their cyclic shifts, especially in the case of large periods of their repetition, and also to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm of their processing when working in the truncated basis of Vilenkin-Krestenson functions.

Keywords: p-ary linear recurrent sequences of maximum period, matrix circulant, discrete functions, Vilenkin-Krestenson functions, multiplicative Galois field group, generalised fast Fourier transform.